Praetorians is set amidst the political machinations of an emerging Roman Empire. You will be transported back to the dusty battlefields of Egypt, the combat theaters of Gaul and finally to the heart of the Empire itself, Italy in the crusade to become Emperor. Your quest will not be easy, as the Empire is heavily defended by thousands of different troop types and war machines, all with special skills and individual strengths. The road to becoming Emperor depends on strategy!

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You must learn to combine your units and exploit the weakness of the enemy, but as you get closer to the Emperor things become even more difficult as you must face his personal guard, the most powerful and deadly fighting force in the Empire - The Praetorian Guard! Features:.

Three different armies: Gauls, Egyptians and the Roman Legions. Unique sets of abilities and formations for different unit types and characters. Fast-paced action were things can easily go from hectic to wrong. Discover the best Game Key offers, compare prices to download and play Praetorians at the best price. Compare CD Key prices from merchants all around the world. Activate CD Key on your Steam client to download the game and play in multiplayer.GAMIVO is a platform to find, compare and buy digital game keys. Only verified and trusted merchants can sell digital goods on GAMIVO.Add the CD Key to your Steam account, the game you bought will be added to your library.

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Check also activation details and bestsellers from different platforms:. Praetorians is set amidst the political machinations of an emerging Roman Empire. You will be transported back to the dusty battlefields of Egypt, the combat theaters of Gaul and finally to the heart of the Empire itself, Italy in the crusade to become Emperor. Your quest will not be easy, as the Empire is heavily defended by thousands of different troop types and war machines, all with special skills and individual strengths. The road to becoming Emperor depends on strategy! You must learn to combine your units and exploit the weakness of the enemy, but as you get closer to the Emperor things become even more difficult as you must face his personal guard, the most powerful and deadly fighting force in the Empire - The Praetorian Guard!

Features:. Three different armies: Gauls, Egyptians and the Roman Legions. Unique sets of abilities and formations for different unit types and characters. Fast-paced action were things can easily go from hectic to wrong.

.The Praetorian Guard (: cohortes praetoriae) was an elite unit of the whose members served as personal bodyguards and for the. During the era of the, the Praetorians served as a small escort force for high-ranking officials such as senators or provincial governors like procurators, and also serving as bodyguards for high ranking officers within the Roman legions. With the republic's transition into the, however, the first emperor, founded the Guard as his personal security detail. Although they continued to serve in this capacity for roughly three centuries, the Guard became notable for its intrigue and interference in Roman politics, to the point of overthrowing emperors and proclaiming their successors. In 312, the Guard was disbanded. The with an grasping a through its claws, in reference, to the form of.The legionaries known as the Praetorian Guard were first hand-picked veterans of the Roman army who served as to the. First established by Augustus, members of the Guard accompanied him on active campaign and served as protecting the civic administrations and rule of law imposed by the senate and the emperor.

The Praetorian Guard was ultimately dissolved by Emperor in the 4th century. They were distinct from the which provided close personal protection for the early Western Roman emperors.They benefited from several advantages due their close proximity with the emperor: the Praetorians were the only ones admitted while bearing arms in the center of sacred – the.Their mandatory service was shorter in duration, for instance: 12 years with the Praetorians instead of 16 years in the legions starting year 13 BC, then carried to, respectively, 16 to 20 years in year 5 BC according to Tacitus.Their pay was higher than that of a legionary. Under, the pay of a Praetorian was three and a half times that of a legionary, augmented by prime additions of, granted by each new emperor. This additional pay was the equivalent of several years of pay, and was often repeated at important events of the empire, or events that touched the imperial family: birthdays, births and marriages. Major monetary distributions or food subsidies renewed and compensated the fidelity of the Praetorians following each failed particular attempted plot (such as that of Messalina against Claudius in AD 48 or Piso against Nero in AD 65).

Author: Allison ParrishISBN: 790Genre: ComputersFile Size: 55.49 MBFormat: PDF, DocsDownload: 410Read: 982Processing opened up the world of programming to artists, designers, educators, and beginners. The Processing.py Python implementation of Processing reinterprets it for today's web. This short book gently introduces the core concepts of computer programming and working with Processing. Processing for visual artists pdf file. Written by the co-founders of the Processing project, Reas and Fry, along with co-author Allison Parrish, Getting Started with Processing.py is your fast track to using Python's Processing mode.Category: Computers.

The Praetorians received substantially higher pay than other Roman soldiers in any of the legions, on a system known as sesquiplex stipendum, or by pay-and-a-half. So if the legionaries received 250, the guards received 375 per annum (year). And increased the stipendum (payment) to 1,500 denarii per year, distributed in January, May and September.Feared and dreaded by the population and by the, the Praetorians received no sympathy from the Roman people. A famous poem by recalls the nail left in his foot by the sandal of a Praetorian rushing by him. 'Praetorian' has a pejorative sense in, recalling the often troubling role of the Praetorian of antiquity.History In, were either civic or military leaders. The praetorianus were initially elite guards for military praetors, under the Republic.

As the Republic ended, the first emperor, Augustus, set up an elite guard of praetorianus to protect himself.The early Praetorian Guard differed greatly from that in later times, which came to be a vital force in the power politics of Rome. While Augustus understood the need to have a protector in the maelstrom of Rome, he was careful to uphold the of his regime. Thus, he allowed only nine cohorts to be formed, each originally consisting of 500 men. He then increased them to 1,000 men each, but allowed three units to be kept on duty at any given time in the capital. A small number of detached cavalry units ( ) of 30 men each were also organized. While they patrolled inconspicuously in the palace and major buildings, the others were stationed in the towns surrounding Rome. This system was not radically changed with the appointment by Augustus in 2 BC of two, and, although organization and command were enhanced.

Tacitus reports that the number of cohorts was increased to twelve from nine in AD 47. In AD 69 it was briefly increased to sixteen cohorts by, but quickly reduced it again to nine. Under the Julio-Claudian dynasty In Rome, their principal duty was to mount the Guard at the house of Augustus on the Palatine, where the centuries and the of the cohort in service mounted the guard outside the emperor's palace (the interior guard of the palace was mounted by the, often also referred to as, and the Augusti, a sort of which were found in the general staff headquarters of the Roman Army). Every afternoon, the serving tribune of the cohort would receive the password from the emperor personally. The command of this cohort was assumed directly by the emperor and not by the Praetorian prefect.

After the construction of the Praetorian camp in 23 BC, there was another similar serving placed in the Praetorian camp accordingly. Their functions included, among many, the escort of the emperor and the members of the imperial family, and if necessary to act as a sort of anti-riot police. Proclaiming Claudius Emperor, by, oil on canvas, 1867.

According to one version of the story of Claudius' accession, members of the Praetorian Guard found him hiding behind a curtain in the aftermath of the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, and proclaimed him emperor.In year 41, it was disgust and hostility of a praetorian tribune, named – whom teased without mercy due to his squeaky voice – which led to the assassination of the emperor by officers of the guard. While the sacked all in a search to apprehend the murderers, the Senate proclaimed the restoration of a Republic. The Praetorians, who were pillaging the Palace, discovered, uncle of, hidden behind a curtain.

Needing an emperor to justify their own existence, they brought him forth to the Praetorian camp and proclaimed him emperor. He is the first emperor proclaimed by the Praetorian Guard and compensated the guard with a prime bonus worth five years their salary. The Praetorians accompanied Emperor Claudius to Britain in 43 AD.When Claudius was poisoned, the Guard transferred their allegiance to through the influence of his Praetorian prefect, who exercised a beneficial influence on the new emperor during the first five years of his reign. Officers of the Guard, including one of the two successors of as the Praetorian prefect, participated in 's conspiracy in year 65. The other Praetorian prefect, headed the suppression of the conspiracy, and the Guard was compensated with a bonus of 500 denarii for each man.Year of the Four Emperors. Main article:In AD 69, the new colleague of Tigellinus, managed to have the Praetorian Guard abandon in favor of the contender., had promised 7500 per man, but Galba refused to pay that amount because he stated 'It is my habit to recruit soldiers and not buy them'. This permitted his rival to bribe 23 of the Praetorian Guard to proclaim him emperor.

Despite the opposition of the cohorts in service in the palace, Galba and his designated successor, the young Piso, were lynched on January 15.After supporting Otho against a third contender, the Praetorians were restrained following defeat and their centurions executed. They were replaced by 16 cohorts recruited from the legionnaires and auxiliaries loyal to Vitellius, almost 16,000 men. These ex-Praetorians then aided, the fourth Emperor, leading the attack against the Praetorian camp.Flavian dynasty Under the Flavians, the Praetorians formed 9 new cohorts, of which, son of the emperor, became the prefect. Returned the effective strength of each unit to five hundred men.

He also cancelled the guard service of the Praetorians at the entry to the emperor's palace, but retained guards within the palace itself.Under Vespasian's second son, the number of cohorts was increased to 10, and the Praetorian Guard participated in fighting in and on the against the. It was in the course of these actions that the prefect was defeated and killed in 86.Antonine dynasty Following assassination of in 96 the Praetorians demanded the execution of their prefect, who had been implicated in the murder. The Guard supported, commander of the Army of the Rhine, as new emperor.At the death of, at the beginning of 98, executed the remaining Praetorian prefect and his partisans. Trajan returned to Rome from the Rhine, probably accompanied by the new unit of. The Praetorian Guard had participated in the two (Dacian Wars 101–102 and 105–106). The Praetorian Guard served in the last.During the 2nd century, the Praetorian Guard accompanied in the, as well as accompanying in his northern campaigns between 169–175 and 178–180. Two prefects were killed during these expeditions.With the accession of, in 180, the Praetorian Guard returned to Rome.

(AD 182–185) and (AD 186–190) exercised considerable influence on the emperor. Was killed by a delegation of 1500 persons of which came forth to complain about his interference in the affairs of the province (a delegation of of the 3 legions of Great Britain).

Cleander abused his influence to nominate and dismiss prefects.In 188, Cleander obtained the joint command of the Guard with the two prefects. Cleander ordered a massacre of civilians carried by the equites singulares Augusti which led to an arranged battle with the.Severan dynasty Commodus fell victim to a conspiracy directed by his Praetorian prefect in 192. The new emperor, who took part in the conspiracy, paid the Praetorians a premium of 3,000; however he was assassinated three months later, on March 28 193, by a group of Guards.

The Praetorians then put the empire up to auction and bought the title of emperor. However the armies of the Danube chose instead the governor of, who besieged Rome and tricked the Praetorians when they came out unarmed.

The Praetorian Guard was dissolved and replaced by men transferred from his own army.The new Guard of Septimius Severus made their mark against his rival at the in 197, and accompanied the emperor to the from 197 to 202, then to from 208 until his death at in 211., son of, lost favour with his troops by assassinating his own brother and co-emperor, Geta, immediately after his succession. He also created problems by trying to recreate a Macedonian phalanx witnessed previously in the Roman Army. Finally, in 217, while on campaign in the, he was assassinated at the instigation of his prefect.After the elimination of the latter, the Praetorians opposed the new emperor, priest of the oriental cult of Elagabal, and replaced him by his 13-year-old cousin in 222.In this period the position of in came increasingly to resemble a general administrative post, and there was a tendency to appoint jurists such as, who occupied the post from 203 until his elimination and execution at the ascent of Caracalla. Under the was held by the lawyer until his assassination by the Praetorian Guard in the presence of the emperor himself.3rd century In the spring of 238, under, the bulk of the Praetorian Guard was employed on active service. Defended by only a small residual garrison, the Praetorian camp was attacked by a civilian crowd acting in support of in revolt against the Gordian emperors. The failure of Maximinus Thrax to win the against the contenders and led to his death at the hands of his own troops, including the Praetorians.

The senatorial candidates for the throne, and, recalled the Praetorian Guard to Rome, only to find themselves under attack by the Praetorians. Both were killed on July 29 238 and triumphed.After 238, literary and epigraphic sources dry up, and information on the Praetorian Guard becomes rare. In 249, the Praetorians assassinated, son of the emperor. In 272, in the reign of the emperor, they took part in an expedition against.

In 284, Diocletian reduced the status of the Praetorians; they were no longer to be part of palace life, as Diocletian lived in, some 60 miles (100 km) from in. Two new corps, the (named after the gods Jove, or, and, associated with the senior and junior emperor), replaced the Praetorians as the personal protectors of the emperors, a practice that remained intact with the.

In 297 they were in with. By the time Diocletian retired on May 1, 305, their Castra Praetoria seems to have housed only a minor garrison of Rome.Dissolution During the early, attempted to disband the Praetorian Guard on the orders of. In response, the Praetorians turned to, the son of the retired emperor Maximian, and proclaimed him their emperor on 28 October 306. By 312, however, marched on Rome with an army in order to eliminate Maxentius and gain control of the, resulting in the. Ultimately, Constantine's army achieved a decisive victory against the Praetorians, whose emperor was killed during the fighting. With the death of Maxentius, Constantine definitively disbanded the remnants of the Praetorian Guard. The remaining soldiers were sent out to various corners of the empire, and the Castra Praetoria was dismantled in a grand gesture inaugurating a new age in Roman history and ending that of the Praetorians.Participation in wars While campaigning, the Praetorians were the equal of any formation in the Roman army.

On the death of Augustus in 14 AD, his successor, Tiberius, was faced with mutinies among both the Rhine and legions. According to, the Pannonian forces were dealt with by Tiberius' son, accompanied by two Praetorian cohorts, the Praetorian cavalry and some of the. The German mutiny was put down by Tiberius' nephew and adopted son, his intended heir, who then led the legions and detachments of the Guard in an invasion of Germany over the next two years. The Guard saw much action in the in 69, fighting well for at the first. Under and, the guard took part in wars from to, while with, years were spent on the Danubian frontier during the. Throughout the 3rd century, the Praetorians assisted the emperors in various campaigns.Political role Praetorian Cohorts intervened on numerous occasions in the struggle for the imperial succession.

Lacking troops of its own, the Senate had no choice each time but to accept the choice of the Praetorians as well as that of the various legions. The new emperor was always proclaimed by the Praetorians before being ratified by the Senate and the legions stationed in the various provinces.After the death of Sejanus, who was sacrificed for the (imperial gift) promised by Tiberius, the Guards began to play an increasingly ambitious and bloody game in the Empire. For the right price, or at will, they assassinated emperors, bullied their own prefects, or turned on the people of Rome. In 41, was killed by conspirators from the senatorial class and from the Guard, along with his wife and daughter.

The Praetorians placed his uncle on the throne, daring the Senate to oppose their decision. In 69, the, after the emperor failed to provide a donative for the Praetorians, they transferred their allegiance to and assassinated the emperor. Otho acquiesced in the Praetorians' demands and granted them the right to appoint their own prefects, ensuring their loyalty. After defeating Otho, disbanded the Guard and established a new Guard sixteen cohorts strong. Relied in the war against Vitellius upon the disgruntled cohorts the emperor had dismissed, and reduced the number of cohorts back to nine upon becoming emperor himself. As a further safeguard, he appointed his son, as Praetorian prefect.While the guard had the power to make or break emperors, it had no formal role in government administration, unlike the personnel of the palace, the Senate, and the bureaucracy. Often after an outrageous act of violence, revenge by the new ruler was forthcoming.

In 193, purchased the Empire from the Guard for a vast sum, when the Guard auctioned it off after killing. Later that year marched into Rome, disbanded the Guard and started a new formation from his own Pannonian legions. Unruly mobs in Rome often fought with the Praetorians in 's reign in vicious street battles.In 271, sailed east to destroy the power of, Syria, with a force of legionary detachments, Praetorian cohorts, and other cavalry units, and easily defeated the Palmyrenes. This led to the orthodox view that and his colleagues evolved the sacer comitatus (the field escort of the emperors). The sacer comitatus included field units that used a selection process and command structure modeled after the old Praetorian cohorts, but it was not of uniform composition and was much larger than a Praetorian cohort.Organization Leadership. Main articles: andStarting in the year 2 BC, the was the commanding officer of the Praetorian Guard (previously each cohort was independent and under the orders of a of rank). This role (chief of all troops stationed in Rome), was in practice a key position of the Roman.From onwards the was always held by an equestrian of the eques order.

Praetorians Download Full Game

( Equestrians were traditionally that class of citizens who could equip themselves to serve in the Roman Army on.From the year 2 BC, the cohorts were under the control of two prefectures; however cohorts continued to be organized independently, each commanded by a tribune. Funeral inscription of Quintus Pomponius Poeninus, soldier of the IV Praetorian CohortOriginally, the Praetorian Guard was recruited from the populations of central (, and according to ). Recruits were between 15 and 32 years of age, compared to legionary recruits who ranged from 18 to 23 years of age. According to, during the first two centuries AD and before the reform of, the Praetorians were exclusively limited to, Spain (Roman province), and (current ).Under the reign of, and starting from, men were transferred from the, and the various. This recent method and manner of recruitment at the corps of the legions became the normal procedure to recruit in the 3rd century after dealt with the undisciplined Praetorians who assassinated in 193, and replaced them with men from his own Danube legions.At that time, the Praetorians represented the best soldiers from the legions (principally from Illyria). They were a group of elite of soldiers starting from the 3rd century, and not a category of socially privileged soldiers (such as the Italians at the time of ). The Italians formed the base of the recruitment of the Legio II Parthica, a new legion created and stationed in Italy.To be admitted to the Guard, a man had to be in good physical condition, have a, and come from a respectable family.

In addition, he had to make use of all sorts of patronages available to him in order to obtain letters of recommendations from important leading figures in society. Once past the recruitment procedure he was designated as Probatus, and assigned as a Miles (soldier) to one of the centuries of a cohort.

After two years, if he attracted the attention of his superiors by influence or merit, he could attain the post of Immunis (similar to corporal), perhaps as a commis (junior chief) at general headquarters or as a technician. This promotion exempted him from daily chores. After another two years he could be promoted to Principalis, with a double salary, in charge of delivering messages ( Tesserarius) or as an assistant centurion ( Optio) or standard bearer ( Signifer) at the corps of the century; or, if literate and numerate, he could join the administrative staff of the prefect.Only a few soldiers could attain the rank of Principalis; however those that did, during the course of their service, were designated Evocati Augusti by the emperor. This designation allowed them to be promoted to technical administrative posts, or instructors in Rome, or to a century in a legion, and accordingly extend their career. Certain principalis could at the end of their career be promoted to in the Guard; this would be the peak of his career. Anyone ambitious for further promotion would need to transfer to a legion.The ( Tribuni Militum) at the head of the cohorts were.

In contrast to many superior cadres of the Army, who originated from the Equestrian Order, these tribunes started their career in the ranks of the Guard and were promoted from the ranks in the hierarchy. Next after becoming, they had to serve for a period of one year as superior centurions in one or several legions before achieving the status of (the highest ranked in a legion). Upon return to, they occupied successively the positions of Tribunes of the Vigiles, Tribune of the Urban Cohort and finally Tribune of the Guard. Other leading paths towards the tribunate were possible, including service entirely made in the legions, attaining the rank of before departing to Rome. Nevertheless, all tribunes were combat veterans with extensive military experience. Each tribune served in Rome for one year, following which, a certain number of the men would retire.A few of them, ranking placement at the top of the hierarchy, could obtain a second term as Primus Pilus and advance towards the superior echelons of the equestrian career possibly becoming the.The majority of the prefects, however, were ordinary men of the equestrian rank by birth.

The men who attained the command of the Guard following year 2 BC were with an elevated seniority, classifying right behind the prefect of Egypt. Starting from, whose son, was himself a Praetorian prefect, they were ranked first.Equipment and traditions The Praetorian Guard, like all legionnaires, disposed of various to execute different missions.

More particularly as bodyguard, escort or reserve military force, they housed adaptable equipment for each function.For heavy packed combat infantry lines , they mounted helmets, armor (, specially in the 2nd and 3rd centuries), heavy colorful shields , heavy javelins , and later even long spears and lighter javelins (hastas, lancea).Praetorian Guard helmets included tall with elaborate detail worked into the metal. Shields were ovoid and more robust compared with the regular rectangular shape sometimes used by the legions. Each legion had its own emblem displayed on its and the Praetorian Guard were probably the only unit to include additional insignia on their shields. Each cohort had their own version of Praetorian insignia. Praetorian Guard units could wear lion skin capes and their colours were so decorated with awards, that the men had difficulty in carrying them on long marches.The Praetorian Guard colours included the winged.For escorts, the oval shields and lances replaced the scuta and pila. Missions in Rome at the heart of the city in principle were forbidden to soldiers, so they wore a toga.The Praetorian Guard, like all legionaries, shared similar insignia, mainly on their shields.

Praetorian Guard shields included and, referring to the form of and also uniquely included Scorpions, and.Gallery.