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Polyarchy, concept coined by the American political scientist to denote the acquisition of democratic institutions within a that leads to the participation of a plurality of actors. Polyarchy, which means “rule by many,” describes the process of, in contrast to itself.Central to any definition of is electoral by means of free elections and representative government. The concept of polyarchy is Dahl’s attempt to develop an definition of democratization as well as to elaborate a set of normative for deciding whether or not a political system can be counted as a democracy.
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Polyarchy, as presented by Dahl, should be understood as a process by which a set of institutions that comes close to what one could call the of democracy is developed. Therefore, public power is essential, and authority is effectively controlled by societal organizations and civil associations (e.g., and ). Hence, in Dahl’s view, the extent to which those societal actors can and do operate autonomously, as well as independently from the state, will the democratic quality of a polity.Central to the adequate functioning of polyarchy is not only the existence and operation of institutions but also the existence of societal groups and adequate space for them to maneuver and organize. The institutionalization of the democratic process of accountable government is a prerequisite for polyarchy, although the establishment of a regime as a fully fledged democracy is not. The necessary institutions are, according to Dahl.